Family structure, particularly when unstable, is associated with increased child maltreatment risk.1Single parenthood more than doubles the risk of Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement, and one study found it to be the second largest predictor of child maltreatment, only after income.2Single parenthood contributes to financial stress, social isolation, and lack of social support, all increasing the likelihood of child maltreatment.3 Similarly, paternity status is associated with child maltreatment risk, and the presence of non-biologi